different types of diabetes mellitus have similar symptoms and complications at advanced level. Hiperglisemia itself can cause dehydration and ketoasidosis. Long-term complications, including diseases kardiovaskular (double the risk), chronic renal failure (major dialisis), retina damage that can cause blindness, and nerve damage that can cause impotensi and risk gangren abscission. Complications are more common when the more serious control of blood sugar that the more degenerate.
types of disease are as follows:
World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes three forms of diabetes mellitus, namely type 1, type 2, diabetes and gestasional (occurs during pregnancy)
Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 1 - first called insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM, insulin-dependent insulin "), or diabetic children, characterized by loss of beta cells produce insulin in the pancreas Langerhans island so there lack of insulin in the body. This type of Diabetes may be suffered by children and adults.
To date, the type 1 diabetes can not antisipate.Diet or in the exercise can not cure or prevent type 1 diabetes. Most people with type 1 diabetes have the health and body weight at a good start in the suffering of disease. In addition, the body's sensitivity and response to insulin in type generally normal diabetes, especially in the early stages.
The cause of most of the loss of beta cells in type 1 diabetes is an error that the reaction autoimunitas pancreas beta cells. Autoimunitas reaction can be triggered by an infection in the body.
As for this, type 1 diabetes can only be treated with insulin use, with appropriate control of blood glucose levels through blood testing equipment monitors. Primary treatment type 1 diabetes, although the initial stage, is replacement of insulin. Without insulin, ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis can cause coma and even death can result. Emphasis is also given on lifestyle adjustments (diet and sports). Apart from the injection in general, are also possible through the provision of insulin pump, which allows for input of insulin 24 hours a day at the dose level that has been determined, also made possible with the dose (a water) of the insulin needed during the meal. And also for possible inclusion of insulin through the "inhaled powder."
Type 1 diabetes must take care to take hold. Treatment will not affect the normal activity when a sufficient awareness, appropriate care, and discipline in the examination and treatment is started. Glucose level of the average for type 1 diabetes patients should be as close as possible to the normal number (80-120 mg / dl, 4-6 mmol / l). Some doctors recommend up to 140-150 mg / dl (7-7.5 mmol / l) for those who have a problem with the lowest. such as frequent hypoglycemic events. "Figures above 200 mg / dl (10 mmol / l) is usually followed by a feeling of comfort and do not dispose of water that is too small so that it often causes dehydration. Angka above 300 mg / dl (15 mmol / l) usually require treatment as soon as possible and can be lead to ketoasidosis. Level of low blood sugar, called hypoglycemia, can cause convulsions or loss of consciousness frequently.
Diabetes mellitus type 2
Preview Diabetes mellitus type 2 referred to as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM, "diabetes is not dependent on insulin") - occurs because the combination of "disability in the production of insulin and insulin resistance" or "to reduce insulin sensitivity" (the network defek response to insulin), which involves reseptor insulin in the cell membrane. At the initial stage abnormalitas the most is to reduce insulin sensitivity, which is marked by the increase in insulin in the blood. At this stage, hiperglikemia above can in many ways and Anti Diabetes Drugs that can increase sensitivity to insulin or glucose hepar reduce production, but the more severe disease, with insulin therapy and sometimes required.
There are several theories about the causes and mechanism of a certain resistance, but the center of Obesity (fat concentrated around the waist in relation to abdominal organs, it seems not, subcutaneous fat) is known as predisposisi factors of resistance to insulin, may be with respect to expenditure of adipokines (its a group of hormones) that damage the glucose tolerance. abdominal fat is hormonally especially aktip. Obesity is found in approximately 90% of patients developed world with a closed type 2 diabetes. Other factors may include family history and children, even in this last decade it has continued to increase start to affect children and adolescents.
when the patient is not discovered for many years there is a type 2 Diabetes in the body of the visible symptoms of diagnosis is typical of the software or does not exist, without ketoacidotic, however, can stimulate the difficulty caused by unnoticed type 2 diabetes, including kidney failure associated with the disease the vaskuler (including carotid disease / heart attack the main road), the vision destruct, and so forth.
the beginning of the Diabetes type 2 usually, treated with changes in physical activity (usually increase), diet (generally a reduction in carbohydrate feeds), and through a decrease in body weight. This endeavor can return hormone insulin sensitivity, even when the weight loss / burden that simple, for example, around 5 kg (10 to 15 lb), most especially when the deposits of abdominal fat. The next step, if necessary, oral treatment with the hormone insulin production can be in the first treatment is unimpaired, oral (often used in combination) cans still be used to increase the production of hormone insulin (eg, sulfonylureas), and set the release / release that are not appropriate on glucose by the heart (and low requital hormone insulin to a certain extent (eg, metformin), and at the bottom of the hormone insulin rarefy retaliation (eg, thiazolidinediones). If this fails, then the medicine will be required hormone insulin to maintain normal or near normal glucose levels. with the orderly way of life, which in the examination of blood glucose is recommended in many cases, and most especially the most important when taking medicines must care.
Diabetes mellitus gestasional
Gestasional diabetes mellitus (gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) also involve a combination of reaction and the ability of the hormone insulin is not enough, simulate type 2 diabetes in some recognition. during pregnancy and may improve or disappear after delivery fleet. While passengers may be temporary, gestational diabetes can damage the health of the fetus or mother, and about 20% -50% of women with gestational diabetes flowers; of type 2 diabetes and in life.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) occurs in approximately 2% -5% of all pregnancy. is temporary and full treatment but can not be cured, it can cause problems with pregnancy, including macrosomia (high birth weight), the form of a deformed fetus matters and heart disease since lahir.Itu requires careful control of the medical throughout the pregnancy.
Fetal / neonatal risks associated with GDM include birth anomaly, such as dealing with the heart, nerves of the central system, and [as / when / because] the form of muscle deficiency. Improved hormone insulin matters fetus may prevent distress syndrome and surfactant production of things that relate respiratory fetus. Hyperbilirubinemia can be caused by destruction of red blood cells. In the case of a nettle, perinatal death may occur, most commonly as a result of the abundance of weak placental / poor in connection with the destruction / weakening of vaskuler. Induction / appointment may be reduced with the placental function. Cesarean section may be marked distress if things fetus or an increased risk of loss associated with macrosomia, such as shoulder dystocia.
Symptoms
characteristics of the classic symptoms of diabetes are polyuria (frequent urination that), polydipsia (increased thirst and fluid as a result of improved inputs) and polyphagia (appetite increase). Symptoms can breed; a very quick set printing 1, especially in children (day or month), but may be difficult to be separated or absent & mdash; and expand, a more slowly & mdash; set to print 2 . Is set to print 1 there may also be body weight / burden (in addition to the normal or increased eating) and the fatigue that is not possible. Symptoms may also be a series of printed 2 diabetes in the diabetes patients will be less good. Symptoms associated with the first direct effect of high blood sugar. If the blood sugar up above 160-180 mg / dl, the glucose will be up to the water urine. If the measure high, the kidneys remove extra water to dilute the amount of glucose lost. Because the kidneys produce urine in the amount of water that much, then the patient often urinate in the number of lots (poliuri).Poliuri due to the people who feel thirsty to drink excessively so many (polidipsi).
A large amount of calories to lose water in urine, the patient experienced a decrease in body weight. To this overcompensation’s people often feel hungry, so extraordinary that many meals polifagi.
Symptoms are vague views, dizziness, nausea, and reduced resilience during the conduct of sports. People with diabetes who are more or less sensitive to infection.
Because of the lack of insulin, then before the treatment of type I diabetes is almost always a drop weight. Most people with type II diabetes did not experience a decrease in body weight.
In the type I diabetics, the symptoms occur suddenly and can quickly develop into a situation that called ketoasidosis diabetikum. Sugar in the blood is high because most of the cells can not use sugar without insulin, the cells take this energy from other sources. Parsed and fat cells produce keton, which is a toxic chemical compound that can cause blood to become acid (ketoasidosis). Early symptoms of ketoasidosis diabetikum is feeling thirsty and berkemih excessive, nausea, vomiting, stomach aches and tired (especially in children). Inhalation in a fast and because the body tries to improve blood acidity. Tercium breath smell like the smell of aseton. Without treatment, ketoasidosis diabetikum can develop into coma, sometimes within just a few hours.
Even after the start insulin therapy, type I diabetics can experience ketoasidosis if they pass a one-time injector insulin or stress due to infection,accident or a serious illness.
People with type II diabetes may not show symptoms several years. If the severe lack of insulin, the timbullah symptoms often include often feel thirsty. Ketoasidosis rare. If blood sugar is very high (up to more than 1,000 mg / dl, usually caused stress, such as infection or drugs), then people will experience serious dehydration, which can cause mental confusion, dizziness, convulsions and a condition called coma hiperglikemik-hiperosmolar non-ketotik.
Symptoms associated with the first direct effect of blood sugar is high. If the blood sugar up above 160-180 mg / dl, the glucose will be up to the water urine. If the measure is high, the kidneys remove extra water to dilute the amount of glucose lost. Because the kidneys produce urine in the amount of water is excessive, then the patient often berkemih in the number of lots (poliuri).
Poliuri due to the people who feel thirsty to drink excessively so many (polidipsi).
A large amount of calories to lose water in urine, the patient experienced a decrease in body weight. To this overcompensation’s people often feel hungry, so extraordinary that many meals (polifagi).
Symptoms are vague views, dizziness, nausea, and reduced resilience during the conduct of sports. People with diabetes who are more or less sensitive to infection.
Because of the lack of insulin, then before the treatment of type I diabetes is almost always a drop weight. Most people with type II diabetes did not experience a decrease in body weight.
In the type I diabetics, the symptoms occur suddenly and can quickly develop into a situation that called ketoasidosis diabetikum. Sugar in the blood is high because most of the cells can not use sugar without insulin, the cells take this energy from other sources. Parsed and fat cells produce keton, which is a toxic chemical compound that can cause blood to become acid (ketoasidosis). Early symptoms of ketoasidosis diabetikum is feeling thirsty and hauberk’s excessive, nausea, vomiting, stomach aches and tired (especially in children). Inhalation in a fast and because the body tries to improve blood acidity. Tercium breath smell like the smell of aseton. Without treatment, ketoasidosis diabetikum can develop into coma, sometimes within just a few hours.
Even after the start insulin therapy, type I diabetics can experience ketoasidosis if they pass a one-time the needle insulin or stress due to infection,accident or a serious illness.
People with type II diabetes may not show symptoms several years. If the severe lack of insulin, the ambulating symptoms often include often feel thirsty. Ketoasidosis rare. If blood sugar is very high (up to more than 1,000 mg / dl, usually caused stress, such as infection or drugs), then people will experience serious dehydration, which can cause mental confusion, dizziness, convulsions and a condition called coma hiperglikemik-hiperosmolar non-ketotik.
Diabetes and fasting
Patients are restrained enough to eat only with difficulty, if not fast. Patients with a relatively restrained drug dose did not have difficulties to fast. Drugs given during the fasting are not fasting. For a restrained with oral medication hipoglikemik (OHO) high dose, the dose of drugs given before are not fasting more than the dose sahur. To use the insulin, insulin used the medium term given current are not fasting only. Meanwhile, patients who must use insulin (DMTI) multiple doses, it is recommended not to fast in Ramadan.
Below have tips about the benefits of tea is
a DM for the latest research proves, the tea habit is very beneficial for health. Experts from the University of Dundee via the latest research results, drink black tea may be one way to prevent the disease diabetes mellitus. As dilancir BBC, Monday (3 / 3), Scottish researchers succeeded to find a similar compound in black tea have the potential to overcome the disease of diabetes type 2, or type of diabetes that most often suffer at this time. According to them, this particular compound is able to play a role as well as insulin in the body.
Experts from the University of Dundee led by Dr Graham Rena joint team from the Crop Research Institute revealed that this compound in black tea called Tehaflavin and Teharubigin can replicate the functions of insulin in the body. "What we found in this compound is able to simulate the function of insulin protein that is known by the name foxos," said Dr. Rena publish a finding in the latest edition of journal Aging Cell. "Foxos previously have been the basis of bridge relations between diet and health of organisms in a wide range of variants including the tius, worm and fruit fly. Our task now is to see whether the findings can be translated into something useful for human health," said Dr. Rena . Dr Rena stressed, more research on the findings of this needs to be done. Therefore, he urges people not necessarily mengonsumsi black tea as a treat diabetes. "People need not panic for the amount in black tea and many think that the tea can treat their pain from diabetes. Road we still long to come up with new techniques or treatment recommendations for diet," explained. "Research on us in the womb is still a pre-clinical and experimental stage. Patients who have a diabetes should continue their treatment with a referral from their doctor," he added. Despite so, Rena said, "There is something very interesting from the womb of nature in how to black tea benefits of this cause, both in relation to diabetes and health in general."
on Diabetesi (Diabetes Mellitus patients) have a risk 10 times greater likelihood of abscission thumb, leg and foot compared with those who do not have this disease.
Here are tips from ACFAS (American College of Food and Ankle surgeon):
- Check feet daily for injuries that can cause dangerous ulcer.
- Wash feet gently with warm water
- Moist but avoid a foot area between the fingers.
- Never cut a thick skin because it can cause infection.
- Check the inside of shoes before use.
- Once the show or sign of problems to the doctor immediately check to reduce the risk of even worse.
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